Environmental scanning electron microscopy for biology and polymer science

نویسنده

  • Debbie J Stokes
چکیده

Electron microscopy of materials in a gaseous environment has its origins as far back as about the 1950s for the transmission electron microscope (TEM), later followed by developments for the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Focusing on the latter, this review outlines the history and commercial development of the technology, culminating in the environmental SEM (ESEM), and the techniques for applying ESEM to materials of interest in biology and polymer sciences. corresponding author details Dr Debbie J Stokes, FEI Company,

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تاریخ انتشار 2012